On 27 August 1928, fifteen nations gathered in Paris to sign the Kellogg-Briand Pact, formally outlawing war as an instrument of national policy. Sixty-one nations would eventually sign. The Second World War began eleven years later. Yet the pact, still in force today, established a legal principle that would underpin the Nuremberg Trials and reshape international law. This episode also explores Argentina’s stunning 2004 Olympic basketball victory over the United States, the only defeat Team USA has suffered since NBA players became eligible. In 2003, Mars made its closest approach to Earth in 60,000 years, visible to the naked eye at just 55.76 million kilometres. And in 1977, the market women of Guinea rose in public revolt against Ahmed Sékou Touré’s price controls, defying a brutal regime in broad daylight. Four moments from 27 August that reveal what happens when humans attempt the impossible, achieve the unexpected, and refuse to back down.